The present study aimed at recording the distribution of fresh water snails, aquatic plants and fungi in relation to lining of water courses in two governorates [Behaira (Nubaria District), and Giza] through four successive seasons. The obtained results indicated that generally the physicochemical parameters were not significantly different in the two tested habitats. The present study recorded 14 species of snails belonging to class Gastropoda; these species belonged to Pulmonate and Prosobranch snails. 10 plant species were collected from the lined sites compared to 13 species from the unlined ones. A total of 6948 fungal isolates (4269 from lined sites + 2679 from unlined sites) belonging to 9 main genera of fungi: Aspergillus, Eurotium, Eupencillium, Pencillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Alternaria and Rhizopus. They were isolated from the lined and unlined sites in the two surveyed governorates (El- Bahiera and Giza) during four seasons.

In this paper, we adopt stochastic frontier model of translog production function to measure the growth rate of 13 cities in Jiangsu province from the year 2000 to 2016, and analyze the structure elements respectively, so we can study the characteristics of driving force structure of the urban economic growth. The study shows that, firstly, the explanatory power could be increased by 35.7% after 6 effect variables, such as urban economic development level, have been taken into consideration when two-step method has been adopted to explore the model parameters of stochastic frontier; secondly, there is an obviously positive correlation between the 4 elements, urban economic development level , urban size, level of opening up to the outside world and infrastructure construction, and production efficiency, while there is a negative correlation between economic structure and production efficiency, and the research input intensity has uncertain effect on production efficiency; thirdly, the TFP growth trend of urban economy of the whole province appears a similar “W” trend, technical progress becomes the first element in affecting total factor productivity, and the negative growth in technical efficiency and scale efficiency result in a dramatic decline in growth rate of TFP; fourthly, among all the elements concerning urban economic growth, capital has the greatest contribution, TFP takes the second place and labor element the last. The double difference between investment and TFP appears to be the major cause in forming regional difference of urban economy. The regional differences of TFP concerning infrastructure advantage, position advantage, factor advantage and policy advantage are the key factors in urban economic gap. At the end of this study, we propose some policy suggestions.

Transient heat transfer from a non-isothermal axisymmetric body immersed in a porous medium saturated with non-Newtonian fluid is modelled by incorporating temperature dependent viscosity. The governing equations emulating the physical model are discretized using the implicit Keller box finite difference scheme. It is proved that the solution obtained by the afore mentioned scheme exists and is stable. Having established the existence and stability of the solution, results for the effect of variable viscosity and non-Newtonian parameter on heat flux, temperature and velocity profiles are presented. The steady state solutions obtained from the transient model presented in the paper are in good agreement with the existing results.