Application of herbicides accompanied by appropriate water management can increase efficacy of weed control and consequently increase the grain quality and yield. Therefore, this investigation was carried out to assess the herbicides performance under shallow flooded water regime on weed control in rice fields. Ten treatments were applied in this study to evaluate their herbicide efficiency, rice production quality and cost-effectiveness in the shallow flooded rice field condition. The study was conducted in 2015/2016 comprised with two seasons consecutively performed in Randomized Complete Block Design. Most of the herbicide treatments provided excellent weed control, lower weed index values, increased grain yields, as well as contributed to higher net benefits as compared to weedy and weed-free check. Among treatments, sequential treatment of Pyrazosulfuron at early growth stage, followed by Bentazon/MCPA at the mid growth stage exhibited the highest weed control efficiency, rice production and net benefit. Therefore, this study showed the potential herbicide treatments and appropriate herbicide applications in the shallow water condition in the rice field.

On January 20th, 2020, the first COVID-19 case in Korea was confirmed. The Korean government handled the situation by early identification, early quarantine, and transparent disclosure of information while announcing a National Guideline to practice aggressive prevention policies. Consequently, the government changed its social distancing policy into casual-distancing-in-daily-lives policy. However, on the very day when the new policy started, a new male patient who has visited a club in Itaewon, Seoul, was confirmed to denote the start of club infection. This incident bore three problems for Korea. Firstly, infection without symptoms, which can spread the virus with only slight or no symptoms at all, can increase. Secondly, the fourth infection has occurred due to local spread by confirmed cases related to the club infection. Thirdly, the change of awareness among 20’s and 30’s is required to shorten the COVID-19 situation. As there is no established cure for COVID-19, both the government and the public should be careful.

The purpose of this manuscript was to review the literature on the need for change of ocular prosthesis in paediatric patients. This manuscript also reviews the literature related to growth of orbital bone in pediatric patients. The Indexed English Literature published up to 31st March 2020 was systematically searched for studies mentioning about the growth of orbital bone socket and also about the need for replacement of ocular prosthesis in paediatric patients. Data base searched were PubMed, MEDLINE (OVID) and the Cochrane Library. Reviewers screened and shortlisted the relevant studies based on pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven studies were included into the review. The results of this review suggest that orbit rapidly grows till the age of three years and this growth continues till the age of 16-18 years. 70-75% of the growth of the orbit is complete by the age of three years. Majority of the remaining growth in the orbital volume is complete by the age of 12-13 years. This growth rate varies in males and females. Frequency and need for replacing the ocular prosthesis vary according to growth of the orbital socket, which is directly related to the age of the patient. The paediatric patient with an ocular prosthesis should be recalled for check up every 3-6 months. The ocular prosthesis should be relined or replaced every year. Decision to replace or reline should be based on clinical examination, after correlating the symptoms and patient’s age.

Introduction: Proteins and nucleic acids from the whole blood are valuable biomarkers for many in vitro diagnostic assays. The need for point of care testing (POCT) becomes bigger but there are some obstacles to use POCT in the real field. Sample preparation is the first essential step for in vitro diagnosis but needs complicated devices including centrifuge in the laboratory. To facilitate the use of POCT, development of a new method is essential which makes sample preparation simpler, faster and more convenient to overcome limitations of current methods. \nMethods: Proteins and nucleic acids from the whole blood was separated by using three different overlaid membrane filters. The pore size of filter 2 was evaluated using biotinylated dextran molecules. Blood proteins obtained from the filters were identified by dot blot assay and SDS-PAGE. The presence of nucleic acids extracted from filters was validated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). \nResults: Whole blood was successfully separated into blood cell fraction and plasma by filter 1. Filter 2 can be used for the size dependent separation of plasma proteins by using membrane filters with different pore sizes. The separation of nucleic acids from the plasma was demonstrated by amplified PCR product bands using the extract from filter 3 as a template. \nConclusions: Multi-layered filter system composed of three different types of membranes allowed the separation of the blood components from the whole blood sample without using any laboratory devices. Each filter can be used as the source for further assays depending on the fraction contained in the filter. The usability and performance of POCT can be enhanced by applying this filter system.