Object detection and tracking of dairy cows based on machine vision is an important foundation for behavioral analysis. The accuracy of detection is directly affected by the accuracy of the detector. Compared with laboratory conditions, object detection in natural breeding sites is often affected by changes in illumination and occlusions between objects. Because appearance similarity, it is greater difficult for cow detection and tracking with the changes in natural light. Therefore, this paper introduced an improved YOLO v4 algorithm combined with the channel pruning and a tracking algorithm to achieve object tracking which combined the location and appearance information between different frames. Firstly, a video collection platform for dairy cows was established. About 2320 images were from the surveillance video, included cow objects of three different postures, under different light condition and with different degrees of occlusion. To achieve detection of multi-cow, YOLO v4 model based on CSPDarkNet53 was built and pruned. On the test set of 420 images including single and multiple cows during the whole day, the average precision reached up to 98.01%. The detection speed reached up to 41.25fps after pruning. To address the temporal association across video frames, a tracking algorithm based on Deep Sort was proposed. The result showed that the object still maintained the original mark number after being occluded. The algorithm in this paper exhibited high precision for multi-object tracking in complex scenes and effectively reduced ID switches. The proposed method can provide a theoretical reference for multi-object detection and tracking for dairy cow in large-scale precision farming.

Multi-Channel, Semantic Segmentation, Thyroid Nodules\nAbstract: Semantic segmentation of medical images is a fundamental task and a basic step in medical image processing. However, the segmentation of medical images by artificial intelligence algorithms has not yet reached a professional level. Thesegmentation results are often not impressive. Regarding the issue above, the Multi-Channel Atrous Space Convolution Pooling Pyramid module is proposed in this paper. This module extracts feature information from channels and combines the convolution results of different convolution kernels for each pixel point on the image. This module establishes links between different channels for the model, introducing information between different channels to provide higher dimensional information and improves the ability of the model to extract minute features efficiently. 3967 images of thyroid nodules are used as the dataset. The optimal structure is chosen by extensive experiments under the dataset of this paper. The final result of segmentation is Mean Intersection over Union of 84.8%. The average error rate is reduced by 13.6% compared to the state-of-the-art model. The feature extraction capability of the model and the accuracy of the model for image segmentation are enhanced. These modules can be easily applied to various computer vision tasks and improve the performance of the model. Our code [https://github.com/dia123blo/MCASPP_Deeplabv3-]

The demand for intelligent management of animal husbandry is becoming more and more obvious. It has become a new research focus on identifying individual animals by means of technology. In this paper, to address the low recognition accuracy caused by the difficulty in collecting cattle iris image, an improved feature extraction network SqueezeNet-MS was proposed. The Mish function was used to replace the ReLU function in the original Fire module of the SqueezeNet network. In this way, the robustness of the network was enhanced and the speed of feature extraction was accelerated. The Stochastic Pooling was utilized to improve the generalization ability of the network. In this paper, 80 cattle were randomly selected with 150 photographs of each of the left and right eyes. The proposed method was compared with the existing network. The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieves a better recognition effect with a small number of parameters.

Introduction: In Iranian traditional medicine, species of Lamiacea family such as Teucrium\nStocksianum (TU) and Otostegia aucheri (OT) are of useful effects on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, concerning the treatment of diabetes, the fundamental function of these mentioned plants in therapy of diabetes are not clear.\nThis article is conducted to evaluate inhibitory effect of (TU) and (OT) extracts and their fractions on α-glucosiudase which is the marker enzyme for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.\nMaterials and methods: In this experimental study, the ethanol extracts of the two plants were prepared by employing percolation method and various fractions were prepared using non-polar and polar solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n- butanol.\nThe inhibition of α- glucosidase was assayed utilizing colorimetric method\nResults: The results implied that ethyl acetate fractions of Otostegia aucheri (IC50=0.43±0.08 mg/ml) and Teucrium stocksianum (IC50=0.57±0.015 mg/ml) had inhibitory effects on α-glucosidae which were more than acarbose (IC50=9±0.009 mg/ml, p<0.0001). \nWe applied Michaelis Menten equation for assessing enzyme inhibitory model by the samples.\nThe mode of inhibition of the studied fractions presented uncompetitive inhibition.\nDiscussion and conclusion: The findings revealed that crude extracts and various fractions, particularly regarding these two plants, have antidiabetic potentials and they might be they used as natural inhibitors of α- glucosidase in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

An asymptomatic swelling of left side of face for more than 1 year, histological examination revealed to be a rare type of sarcoma.

In this paper, the reflection of thermoelastic waves under the generalized thermoelasticity theory is employed to study the reflection of plane harmonic waves from a semi-infinite rotating elastic solid with gravity field. The expressions for the reflection coefficients, which are the relations of the amplitudes of the reflected waves to the amplitude of the incident waves, are obtained. The numerical solution is carried out and the effect of rotation and gravity field of reflection coefficient are presented graphically. Comparisons are made with the results predicted by the dual-phase-lag model and Lord-Shulman theory in the presence and absence of rotation and gravity. The reflection coefficient of waves across the free surface of half-space is explained by the effect of rotation and gravity.

Background: Too many women, even vast repeatedly, seek medical advice due to mastalgia and contribute to creation of a large health problem, which leads to excessive expenses worldwide. The causes of mastalgia are classified depending on type of mastalgia which may be unilateral or bilateral and cyclical or non-cyclical. The pathologies leading to mastalgia are also grouped whether they are mammary or extramammary. \nObjectives: We emphasized mastalgia sometimes could be a reflecting pain induced by neck and shoulder (NAS) pathologies. There was no previous study conducted at a national level on this issue.\nMethods: We investigated 530 patients without any additional breast complaint from 1150 patients with mastalgia in the Senology Polyclinic. Musculoskeletal disorders and their relation with mammary carcinoma in patients without any organic breast pathology according to history, physical examination, radiology and laboratory results were retrospectively evaluated. \nResults: Patients with pure mastalgia complaint at the beginning were investigated and breast pathology was found in 135 patients. Psychiatric medications were detected in 35. No breast pathology was encountered in 395 patients. These patients were requestioned and some of these patients described pain in their neck, shoulder, arm and back regions in addition to breast region. Cervical hernia (12), cervical arthropathy (10), flattening of cervical lordosis (6), shoulder cyst (1), impingement syndrome (2), fibromyalgia (16) and arthritis (5) were diagnosed. Of 395 patients, 52 (13%) were found to have musculoskeletal pathology. Various pathologies related with NAS were found in 9.8%.\nConclusion: We emphasized mastalgia as a reflecting pain induced by NAS pathologies and aimed to attract attention of mastalgia. Moreover, we have found no association between mastalgia and breast carcinoma in patients with pure mastalgia if they had no breast pathologies.

Host preference plays a vital role in the physiology of all the organisms. Polyphagous pest dusky cotton bug Oxycarenus laetus is a seed feeder and is gradually attaining the status of one of the severe pests of cotton and other crops across the word. Conventional and modern approaches were used to study the impact of feed (G. hirsutum and A. indicum) on the gene expression pattern and the post embryonic development duration of the insect. A comparative De novo whole transcriptome study resulted in the identification of 83 upregulated and 12 downregulated genes in the G. hirsutum fed insects in comparison to A. indicum. These genes were found be involved in the cuticle formation, pesticide tolerance, immune related and protein digesting enzymes. These include the Osiris family, Chitinases, Carboxypeptidase, Cuticle and embryonic development genes. This study is the first of its kind at this level involving O. laetus and will be act as a reference for further studies targeting pesticide resistance and crop protection.

Kratom is a plant homogenous to Southeast Asia with a long history of traditional use as medicinal herbs. However, recent years have witnessed its use among adolescents as recreational drugs. This cross-sectional study is aimed to explore the perspectives of kratom use and misuse among adolescents in northwest Malaysia. The study involved a self-administered questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study. The overall internal reliability for the knowledge domain (Cronbach�s alpha=0.728) and attitude domain (Cronbach�s alpha=0.70) were good. The questionnaire was distributed to 135 respondents involving adolescents aged 13 to 19 years old via convenience and snow-ball sampling. There were 65 (47.8%) kratom-users, while 70 (51.5%) were kratom-na�ve. Peer influence is the most common reason for them to be first involved with kratom, n=26 (41.3%). Among the reasons for kratom use quoted were to improve physical stamina, 10 (16.4%), as painkiller 9 (14.8%), and to be accepted by peers, 7 (11.5%). Multiple logistic regression found that older age (p=0.001) and being active smokers (p<0.001) significantly predict kratom misuse among adolescents. The emerging trend of kratom abuse and misuse especially among the younger generation in Malaysia is alarming.

Cover LetterDear EditorWe are submitting a short article type "commentaries" (or letter to Editor). We focus on headache as peculiar symptom of Covid, suggesting a multidisciplinary approach to further investigate it and its possible relationship with anosmia. Many thanks and Best regards. The AuthorsMarzia Buonfiglio, Filippo Brighina, Francesco Di SabatoAbstract�Headache� is listed by World Health Organization as a peculiar symptom of current pandemicCoronavirus infection.We stress the need for further research on this issue and the reason by which we believe that acareful diagnosis to establish the type of head pain in Covid -19 patients should be done.Due to its main features, migraine has been previously considered an �alarm system� and acompensatory process of the organism against inner injuries. Evidence showed that during amigraine attack neurophysiological (habituation) parameters normalize and monoaminergicdisposition increases. Therefore, the possible occurring of a migrane attack in pandemic diseaseshould be evaluated, as well as its evolution with respect to viral infection.Moreover, we suggest a multidisciplinary approach to study headache in Covid disease, taking intoaccount a possible relationship with anosmia.Investigating in the epigenetic landscape a possible common underlying mechanism between thissensory dysfunction and migraine in Covid 19, might shed some more light on the meaning of headache in pandemic disease and on its pathophysiology against which human beings arecurrently fighting.

Nowadays bicycle computations are increased in the world. For these purpose reason, it is very important to analyse the bicycles with different road conditions and trajectories. This experiment work is presented well designed and good quality bicycle performance with different road, weather and trajectory conditions. Some measurement sensors are used to measure real time parameters from the bicycle with professional bike rider. The experimental results improved that the proposed research has good design and analyse for well designed bicycles.