Introduction: Parenting style is an important educational principle. Identifying types and influencing factors of parenting practices are important. The purpose of this study was to compare of parenting style between Parents of Children 10-2 Years old in Gorgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 432 parents (216 fathers and 216 mothers) based on random sampling. Demographic information and parenting style based on parental authority questionnaire (PAQ) were recorded. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.94 � 6.75 years old. The mean score of authoritative lifestyles (2.98 � 0.57) was the highest among parenting styles. The mean score of authoritarian parenting style was significantly higher in parents under 40 compared to parents over 40 years old (p=0.024). The mean score of authoritative parenting style was significantly higher in parents who were over 40 years old (p=0.03), had labor and military jobs (p=0.002), were illiterate (p<0.001), had 2 children (p=0.003), and had children over 5 years of age (p=0.045). There was a significant correlation between authoritarian score and parental age (r=-0.123, p=0.010), and between authoritative score and parental age (r=0.106, p=0.028), child age (r=0.121, p=0.012), and number of children (r=0.104, p=0.031). Authoritative score was significantly correlated with permissive (r=0.197, p<0.001) and authoritarian (r=-0.165, p=0.001) scores. Conclusion: Authoritarian parenting lifestyle increases in older parents with larger family size and specific jobs. Due to the complications of this type of parenting style, psychiatric counseling is needed in high-risk parents.
The deregulation and modernization of densely populated power system adequately faces congestion problems. A case study incorporated with a novel, multi objective, flower pollination algorithm (FPA) carried out in this paper for effective congestion management. Congestion is over flow of power in the transmission line, which must be avoid for better protection and control of the power system. FACTS devices have superior performance for this congestion management. Particularly Inter line Power Flow Controller (IPFC) is best suitable device for this application. Over flow of power in any one transmission line, may divert into underutilized transmission line using IPFC. Disparity line utilization factor (DLUF), is use to identify suitable underutilized line for the reciprocal of congested line and a sub program (DLUF) Developed. The FPA used in a main program to optimize the multi-objectives like minimizing the size of IPFC, and fuel cost of electric power generation. Three different scenarios, which are very much prone to congestion, like overloading, line outage and generator outage considered, for simulation. IEEE 30-bus system utilized for the implementation of developed algorithm and optimized results obtained
This paper discusses the vibration analysis of single walled carbon nanotube in terms of different boundary conditions, different structures and different thickness by FEM method. Fundamental frequency and frequency shift have been investigated in this paper. Study shows that the frequency and frequency shift have been affected by change in boundary conditions, thickness and different structures. Comparison between cantilevered and bridged SWCNT in terms of fundamental frequency and frequency shift by applying different mass is shown in this paper. Bridged SWCNT are found to be more sensitive as compared to cantilevered structure. In the case of different structures, comparison between zigzag and armchair structure has been made on the basis of frequency and frequency shift and conclusion obtained is quiet considerable. SWCNT structures are compared in terms of different thickness. The result shows that, there is considerable change in fundamental frequency and frequency shift due to change in thickness.