In this study, five organic composts, derived from various animal manures and/or olive-mill solid wastes and/or green wastes, were screened for their ability to suppress stem rot, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants and to enhance plant growth. Treatments C2, C3, C4 and C5 were the most effective in decreasing disease severity by 37.5, 43.7, 56.2 and 31.2%, respectively, as compared to the S. rolfsii-inoculated and untreated control. Pathogen-inoculated plants amended with C3 and C4 treatment were disease-free and significantly comparable to the untreated control. A significant improvement in growth parameters was recorded on tomato plants amended with the tested composts. All tested composts had significantly enhanced stem diameter by 20.2-23.8% over the pathogen-inoculated and unamended control. Treatments with C2 and C4 have significantly enhanced most tomato growth parameters (stem diameter, aerial part dry weight, and root dry weight). A similar effect was noted for C3-based treatment on the plant height, the stem diameter, and the root dry weight by 16.9%, 23.8%, and 80%, respectively. Moreover, tested on S. rolfsii-free plants, compost C4 is the most efficient in improving all tomato growth parameters by 28.8, 8.54, 92.2 and 80% in their height, stem diameter and aerial part and root dry weights, respectively. A similar significant effect was observed on tomato plants challenged with composts C2 and C3, which significantly improved the plant height, the stem diameter and the root dry weight by 24.4 and 22.1%, 5 and 8.8%, and 75.2 and 94.4%, respectively.
Fuzziness is one of the widespread properties of human reasoning and target things though fuzzy set hypothesis is one of the efficient methods for inquiring about and handling fuzzy miracles in reality. The first effort to enumerate the fuzziness was proposed by Zadeh (1965), who presented the fuzzy entropy by mingling probability and membership function of a fuzzy event as utility of Shannon entropy. As related to some prior measures, the new anticipated measure is modest, nearer to the numerical significance and it suggests improved fuzzy properties. A new fuzzy entropy measure L_α^β of order α and type β has been defined and its relationship with a result of generalized Kumar and Kumar (2011) entropy has been deliberated. Using L_α^β, few coding theorems for discrete noiseless channel has been verified.
There are many people all around the world dealing with at least one or more types of crises at present time. Most afflicted persons are those who especially suffer from crisis of meaning of life due to their imperfect qualifications, less-experienced lifetime and deficiency of their knowledge. Moreover, in addition to the above, many stresses occurred to people through the significant concurrence or convergence of events that have ruined their concepts of life.\nIn accordance with the Islamic world-view, the major conception of human life refers to one\'s understanding of the original meaning of existence as well as to one\'s perception of the wisdom behind the general creation. The Qur\'an indicates how the major Divine Mission of the Messengers of Allah is to fight against all kinds of ignorance and negligence and furthermore, to support humankind in their confronting to any crisis before they are to be involved into that crisis. Through the present writing, I am interested to reflect upon the aforementioned question and find out any adequate answer to this concrete question from within the Islamic resources.
This paper presents the effects of Soret and Dufour on MHD mixed bioconvection of nanofluid in a flat channel with chemical reaction, radiation, Joule heating and partial velocity slip. The related ordinary differential equations comprised of velocity, energy, nanoparticle concentration, solutal concentration and microorganisms density are solved analytically subject to physically appropriate boundary conditions using homotopy analysis method (HAM). Dimensionless skin friction, heat and mass transport are discussed through plots by varying different physical parameters. Dufour number and velocity slip create opposite effect in solutal concentration. The transport of heat enhance with Brinkman number but it increase gradually with thermal radiation. The velocity slip reduces the fluid velocity.
The high rate of economic growth, the provision of basic facilities, and job creation are products of any nation’s level of industrialisation. Globally, no nation is considered to have attained a concerted level of a high standard of living in the absence of economic development. However, Nigerian industrialisation has continued on a downward journey in the 21st century, despite several industrial development policies. The paper is an attempt to find out how industries have fared and challenges facing their development in Nigeria in the 21st century. It is also an effort to unearth whether UNIDO has influenced Nigeria industrial development. The study adopted a descriptive research design and documentary data analysis method to elucidate the fact that the UNIDO supports have not significantly impacted industrialisation in Nigeria. The adoption of Top-Down as a theoretical model of analyses has validated the fundamental issues raised, informed the findings and subsequent recommendations of this paper.
The continuing COVID-19 pandemic instigated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led the scientists discover an array of candidate drugs and set up possible vaccine platforms under trial. However, till date no vaccines have been established to abate COVID-19 pandemic while a few drugs as the anti-virals or the immunomodulators have been proposed on the basis of patient trial success. One of them is remdesivir which is actually a broad spectrum anti-viral drug. Recently, the corticosteroid dexamethasone has evolved with a stunning property to cure the COVID-19 patients who have developed the acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), requiring ventilation. Several recent case studies have shown the efficacy of dexamethasone to treat the severe patients who were at the risk of death. Present review focused on the mechanism of action of dexamethasone with its specific immunological functions in course of curing the SARS-CoV-2 infection within a patient. A model regarding the mechanisms of dexamethasone action has been proposed as well.
Molavi is one of the most famous Persian poets and has high reputation and credit in the world. His verses have been translated to foreign languages in some countries and have been recognized by the readers. On the other hand, Molavi is one of the theorist poets in Persian literature and his poems are full of the critical perspectives. In this paper, through the study and analysis of his poems, literary theory of Molavi has been analyzed and compiled after extracting his attitudes and classifying them based on Jacobson’s communication theory. To prove value and importance of Molavi’s theories, His attitudes were compared with contemporary theories to manifest position of his poetics and it was shown that some of literary and lingual theory of this poet is alive and dynamic and can be also used and studied at contemporary time.