Troponin levels elevation is commonly seen during perioperative setting. It is important to know whether the elevated troponin levels represent a myocardial infarction in these cases and moreover it is essential to determine any prognostic role of these increased levels for patient’s risk stratification and mortality.

Indian major carps are the widely consumed fish species of Pakistan, being a cheap source of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, they are good for cardiovascular health. Water pollution due to discharge of untreated industrial waste water into water bodies contaminates this precious source of nutrients. The present study therefore, was aimed to assess deterioration of fatty acid profile of three Indian major carp species after exposure to different concentrations of industrial effluents. After exposure to 1.5, 3, and 4.5% concentration of effluents in different aquaria it was observed that proportion of unsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly as the intensity of the dose increased (P < 0.05). Conversely the level of saturated fatty acids increased with the increasing dose of treatment (P < 0.05). Therefore, it is highly recommended that industrial effluents should be treated before they are dumped into water bodies

The contemporary world is characterized by rapid change, and technological and digital transformation is evolving at an accelerated pace. At the same time, the effects are enormous on our lives such as: the creation and collection of data, communication, consumption, music, shopping, human relations; etc. Therefore, businesses, governments and NGOs must operate in the changes at the same speed and adapt their products and services, as well as the way they produce, promote, and sell them. These organizations constantly try to be proactive, imagining the world of tomorrow and developing new products and adapted services. This chapter deals with the subject of the VUCA Method and its style of Management and Leadership corresponding to the technological and digital transformation as well as organizational, to counter the post-Covid-19 crisis, and (Adaptation & performance towards change, and sustainable development). This new approach changes not only the products, services, and processes, but it changes the structure of companies, administrations and NGOs which also need to be changed more fundamentally, because they need new business models, different organizational structures, different employee profiles, different leaders.

Hippocrates statement that “All disease begins in the gut” has continued to be up to date for more than 2000 years now. The fields like microbiology, neurology and gastroenterology have developed bit by bit over time and noteworthy progress in modern medicine has achieved not solely in their additional trajectories but in their active interactions also. It’s recently become evident that gut microbial flora will greatly influence all aspects of physiology, including gut-brain communication, brain function and behavior. Human beings are living in a microbial world, being coevolved with the microbiota-the gazillions of microbes including bacteria, archae, fungi and viruses that reside within their bodies & especially in the intestines. The role of microorganisms in making up the intestinal flora can be recognized as useful, pathogenic or neutral for the host. The consequences of the gut microbiota on the immune system, brain development and behavior have attracted much heed in recent years. Over 90% of more than 4,000 articles on microbiota were published in PubMed within the last five years. The enteric microbiota and its metabolites modulate the gastrointestinal (GI) functions by their ability to influence the gut permeability, mucosal immune function, intestinal motility and sensitivity and also the activity of enteric nervous system (ENS). Alteration in gut microbiota (dysbiosis) arises as a result of gastrointestinal disease or its treatment. All of the major disorders of the gut, particularly inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and coeliac disease are associated with dysbiosis. The aim of this review is to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of the gut-brain axis showing the possible impact of the gut microbiota on depression. It’ll also discuss the recent progress in specific mechanisms of interaction between gut microbiota and brain, with focus on the effect of psychological stress.

Hypercoagulable state in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients is a common feature. These patients are at a greater risk forming deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism than the general population. Compound heterozygosity for factor V Leiden (FVL) G1691A and prothrombin gene G20210A mutations was identified in a 28-year-old man with sickle β0-thalassemia. The first thrombotic event occurred in July 2010 at the age of 17 years, 8 months after splenectomy and two recurrent thromboses in a short time interval. This case suggests that genetic thrombophilia workup is necessary in patients with SCD presenting with thrombotic events. Thus, even if thrombotic events could be explained by a hypercoagulable state in SCD patients, after a first thrombotic event has occurred, acquired and congenital thrombophilia should be screened, as well as intensive and long-lasting anticoagulant treatment should be warranted.

Textile industry is posing serious threat to the environment as it discharges a huge number of untreated dyes. Among them azo dyes are of main concern due to their extensive use and carcinogenesis. To study the microbial degradation of four textile azo and phthalocyanin dyes: C.I reactive black 5, C.I reactive yellow 145, C.I reactive red 195 (azo dyes) and C.I reactive blue 21 (phthalocyanine dye) current study isolated and identified thirty five bacteria and one yeast from textile industry wastewater. Among them five bacteria were 16S rRNA sequenced using Macrogen facility, Korea. Isolated bacteria, belonging to Bacillus, Comamonas, Jeotagalicoccus, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, Escherichia, Exiguobacterium, Cedecea, Kluyvera, Actinobacillus, Aeromonas, Clavibacter, Solibacillus, Paenibacillus, Micrococcus and Corynebacterium genera, were tested to tolerate and degrade aforementioned four dyes. To study the tolerance level of bacteria against each dye, maximum 1000 ppm dye was used in the culture medium. Most of the bacteria showed maximum dye tolerance at 1000 ppm and grew well in 1000 ppm dye concentration. To study dye degradation, absorbance of dye solutions before and after bacterial treatment were recorded using UV-visible spectrophotometer and decreased dye absorbance in the visible range of light (400 nm-700 nm) was suggestive of dye degradation. On the basis of percent removal of four (black 5, blue 21, yellow 145, red 195) dyes after 5 days of incubation, Jeotagalicoccus huakuii (83%, 49%, 84%, 85%) Comamonas aquatica, (79%, 42%, 83%, 87%) Bacillus subtilis, (84%, 41%, 82%, 85%) Moraxella sp. (82%, 28%, 81%, 77%) and Aeromonas veronii (73%, 30%, 80%, 76%) was ranked first, second, third, fourth and fifth. Cytotoxicity of degraded products of dyes was determined and results showed the variable decrease or increase in cytotoxicity. Current study suggests that there are a number of bacteria which have the potential to degrade number of dyes and can be exploited for xenobiotics removal.

Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan\'s economy, highly depends on food crops. There is a huge gap between the products purchased and the actual products, which suffer from inadequate technology, inadequate resource use, inappropriate use of water and land, and inappropriate pests management studies, it\'s not just negatively affect production but also reduce production. Most farmers use synthetic chemicals to control pests, but they are often used in vain. In order to illustrate the main gaps and actual results of the main upland crops. The study examines the link between food security and GDP growth in Pakistan, including wheat, rice, sugarcane and maize, and water availability in Pakistan from 1999 to 2018. Periodic data are collected from the Pakistan Economic Survey (various sources). Use conventional miniature methods and refine Dickey-Fuller (ADF) testing to analyze crop data, and use Johansen aggregation testing to interpret results. Our research found that wheat, rice, sugarcane, and maize yields were positively correlated with Pakistan\'s agricultural GDP, while water supply was negatively correlated with Pakistan\'s agricultural GDP without significant correlation. Water resources related to climate change and the context of climate change will have a devastating effect on Pakistan\'s water resources. Therefore, the study suggests that the Pakistani government should provide major agricultural inputs on subsidies formulate policies and launch new funding programs to develop and improve water availability.