This experiment aimed to determine the effect of cropping system: Conventional and conservation agriculture on biomass variation, rumen fermentation and ewes body weight (BW) change of ewes grazing on wheat stubbles for 45 days. Thirty Barbarine breed ewes were divided into 6 homogeneous groups of 5 animals each.. Biomass and botanical composition of stubble plots were controlled every 15 days. The BW change was controlled every 10 days. Rumen fluid was collected during 3 consecutive days, three times a day (Just early before grazing, after 2 and 4 hours of the grazing) to determine rumen fermentation parameters i.e. rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration and volatile fatty acid concentration and composition. Results showed that stubble biomass decreased significantly among period and was not affected by the cropping system. The variation of the botanical composition of biomass was similar among the two cropping systems. The BW was not affected by the cropping system. For both cropping systems, rumen pH decreased (P< 0.0001) with time. Total VFA concentration increased after 2 hours of grazing. Ammonia-N concentration in the rumen increased at 2h of grazing and conserved almost the same concentration at 4 h of grazing. The cropping system didn�t affect rumen fermentation.

In this study, Saccharum officinarum extract was used with various LED lights- (blue, red, green, or white) and sunlight-mediated synthesis protocols to generate gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and evaluate the Au NPs’ biomedical potential. Au NP production after exposure to LED lights and sunlight conditions were confirmed by characteristic surface plasmon resonance readings at maximum lambda (λ) values of 537, 542, 538, 537, and 533 nm, respectively. Our protocol reveals the optimum pH for Au NP generation and, compared to other protocols, has reduced metal ion concentration, extract concentration, and time required for nano-biosynthesis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy with EDS mapping showed that most Au NPs had oval, spherical, or triangular shapes. Face-centered cubic crystal lattices nature and involvement of aliphatic amines, alcohols, aromatics, carboxylic acids, and carbonyl, hydroxy, methylene, and phenol groups in the reduction of nano-Au were confirmed by XRD and FT-IT analysis respectively, in all Au NPs. Growth of skin pathogens were inhibited by all Au NPs. As a general trend, after 24 h of incubation, the zone of inhibition (a measure of antimicrobial activity) achieved by sunlight-fabricated Au NPs was slight compared to those of various LED lights fabricated Au NPs. Overall, the present study highlighted the importance of abiotic parameters, with special reference to the natural (sunlight) as well as artificial (LED) light conditions, during green nano-synthesis on Au NPs’ antibacterial and antioxidant activity.