Natural therapies have been based on many beneficial herbal medicinal plants as they provoke rarer side effects, inexpensive and highly effective. During their field collection of medicinal plants, some plants are resembling with each other morphologically. Therefore, usually, misidentification occurs within these plants and get interchanged with the original species. The raw material used in herbal products should be untainted and this is a prior step to certify material in processing. All type of adulteration problem badly affects the drug dealer at every stage whether it is local, national or at a global level. Hence, this study purposed to inaugurate some validation methods for identification substitutions present in medicinal plant species. These methods suggested minimizing the problem of quality assurance of herbal drugs, provided a base for characterization and authentication of advertised medicinal plants. DNA from leaves of selected plants from south Punjab, Pakistan was isolated, PCR was done by matK and rbcl universal primers and sequencing was done. Two plants were successfully identified as Tinospora cordifolia and Calotropis procera. These plants have a very good history to be used in medicine in the sub-continent since ancient times.

Introduction: Stoma is a surgical creation of an opening in the abdomen involving parts of either the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. Objectives of the study: The aim of conducting this survey is to elucidate effect of stoma over Qol (Quality of life) in Muslim patients and its determinants with respect to religious patterns. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Dalian Medical University and Leady Reading Hospital, Sargodha during March 2019 to March 2020. We include 100 patients with colostomy or ileostomy, permanent or temporary performed in department of General Surgery, in year 2019. The data was collected through questionnaire quality of life scale for muslim stoma patients. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. All participants were recruited on a voluntary basis. Results: The data was collected from 100 patients. There were 88 males and 12 females. Majority of patients (n=85) had ileostomy while 15 patients had colostomy. All ileostomies were temporary loop ileostomies. Majority of colostomies were also loop colostomies except three cases of end colostomy for malignant disease. Majority (80 %) of stomas were due to infective causes, while 15 were for trauma and 10 due to malignant disease. Out of 15 stomas made for malignant disease, 3 were permanent stomas. Majority of older patients had permanent stoma. Majority of patients were married. Conclusion: It is concluded that holistic approach is required when counselling Muslim patients who require stoma?forming surgery to improve their post?operative HRQoL and maintain their participation in religious and spiritual aspects of life.

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses known to infect mammals and birds, belonging to the family Coronaviridae. Before the emergence of COVID-19, there were six different coronaviruses known to infect humans, four of which cause a mild common cold-type illness. The main objective of the study is to review the role of dietary supplements in treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19. This study was conducted using a systematic search on Google scholar, Pubmed and Web of science published until 20th June 2020. The cited references of retrieved articles and previous reviews were also manually checked to identify any additional eligible studies. All citations were imported into a bibliographic database and duplicates were removed. Title, abstract and then full-text of all articles were screened for eligibility. Vitamin D has important functions beyond those of calcium and bone metabolism that include modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. At least 1 billion people globally have vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency makes our population more vulnerable and more susceptible to develop infectious diseases especially respiratory infections. It is concluded that the research has yet not proved that vitamin D is effective against the novel Corona virus, it does show that vitamin D helps to protect against respiratory tract infections.

in developed countries. Following this ratio, the need for comorbidities like diabetes, cholesterol, and hypertension, and fertility therapies are becoming common and the reason behind negative fetal and maternal outcomes. This review paper is based upon a detailed study of how advanced maternal age has negative consequences.In the recent century, the ratio of advanced maternal age women is rapidly increasing, especially

Recently, we are all witnessing the outbreak of COVID-19 globally. More specifically, the current outbreak of the novel COVID-19 in China, Italy, and Iran is one of the largest in the last decade. At this crucial time, there is a need for emergent concern on alertness and awareness for controlling the spread of COVID-19 pandemics among public health authorities and especially common public. Accurate reliable prediction of COVID-19 incidence rate/COVID-19 confirmed cases is very helpful for the health authorities to guarantee the suitable action for the control of the outbreak. Hence, univariate time series models like Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Models and Holt Winter Models used in this paper to analyze and forecast the trend in COVID-19 confirmed cases. The COVID-19 public dataset from the Kaggle website has taken for the empirical study. This dataset has COVID-19 data collected from 22 January 2020 to 1 April 2020. It had used for training and testing the time series model. The same has been used to forecast the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases till April 10 without any additional intervention. The results showcase that the time series analysis of these data are useful in producing reasonable forecast upon the critical time of COVID-19 disease outbreak.