The conclusion of the relationship between cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene polymorphism and cervical cancer was inconsistent. This study was performed to assess this association using meta-analysis. The association studies were identified from PubMed, and eligible studies were included and calculated. CTLA4 +49A/G, CTLA4 -318 C/T, CTLA4 CT60 G/A gene polymorphism were not associated with cervical cancer risk for overall populations in this meta-analysis. Furthermore, CTLA4 +49A/G, CTLA4 -318 C/T gene polymorphism were not associated with cervical cancer risk in Caucasians. Interestingly, CTLA4 +49A/G G allele and GG genotype were associated with cervical cancer risk in Asians, but this association was not found for AA genotype in Asians (G allele: OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77-0.93, P = 0.0007; GG genotype: OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.97, P = 0.03; AA genotype: OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.94-1.64, P = 0.13). However, CTLA4 -318 C/T, CTLA4 -658 T/C, CTLA4 -1661 G/A, CTLA4 -1722 T/C were not associated with cervical cancer risk in Asians. In conclusion, CTLA4 +49A/G G allele and GG genotype were associated with cervical cancer risk in Asians. However, more studies should be performed to assess this association in the future.

Chemical functionalities like fuels, additives and adsorbent material, recovered from disposable baby diapers, is explored here presenting potential waste valorization and energy conversion. Disposable baby diapers after use are hitherto directed towards landfill wastes, hence causing tremendous environment management issues. Nowadays, disposed baby diapers, consists chiefly crystals of super absorbent polymer (SAP), sodium polyacrylate, with a combination of cellulosic and synthetic polymeric material like polyolefins, in the ubiety of biological excrements. Efficient conversion, of the waste to value-added chemicals, for possible energy recovery, has been investigated in our study, preliminarily through thermal pyrolysis technique, in order to speculate several adaptable technologies. Disposable baby diapers were pyrolyzed in an ingenious fixed-bed batch reactor system in oxygen deficient atmosphere. Pyrolysis was carried out at optimal experimental conditions to determine the feasibility and possible outcome, as well as yields of non-condensable gaseous fraction, liquid tar and solid residue char. Characterizations performed variously to identify the achieved products were through GC-TCD, GC-MS, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDAX and BET methods. Accounted yields were 52.5%, 18.3% and 29.3% of gases, tar and char, respectively. There were significant presence of hydrogen and methane as fuels among the gases, diesel range hydrocarbons in the liquid fraction and adsorbent characteristic in residual char.

Fasciolosis is a worldwide re-emerging and neglected foodborne animal disease of public health significance. The disease is caused by Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) and F. hepatica in ruminants (except dromedary camels, prior to this report) in Nigeria. This report describes the first liver fluke infection in Nigerian dromedary camel, identified by morphology as F. gigantica. Multidisciplinary research is recommended to define transmission patterns of the disease to enable design of adequate control measures.

The article deals with the problem of correlation between forms of language and forms of thinking. There are two types of forms of thinking - universal human forms, expressed through universal language forms, and national semantic ones, reproduced by national grammatical forms. The article describes the problem of language correlation and thinking forms. There two separate types of thinking forms – common logical forms, expressed through the universal language forms, semantic and national forms, implemented in grammatical forms.\nThe problem of common logical thinking forms (correlation) and national semantic forms, determined by the peculiarities of language grammatical structure is one of the central problems not only in theoretical linguistics (philosophy of language), but in the whole philosophy, logics, psychology and semiotics, sociology. These correlations define the existence of metalinguistic areas – logical, psychological, semiotic, contensive. Logical area is one of the most influential although it is not consistent in metalinguistics – studying of word and sentence logical aspects, concept and meaning correlation, sentence and sense correlation.

In this research work, a comparison was made between Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)\nand Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approaches to predict the dry sliding wear response of AlMg1SiCu\nhybrid composites which were reinforced with 10%Silicon carbide particles together with weight fractions of 3%,\n6% and 9% of Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)through melt-stir casting. The wear behavior of the hybrid composite\nsampleswasevaluated based on Box-Behnken experimental design. The significance of weight fraction of\nreinforcement, sliding distance, speed and load over the wear rate was predicted. It was found that addition of\nmolybdenum disulfide solid lubricant decreases wear of these hybrid composites. A combination of 3% of MoS2\nwas found to be the best among all other compositions. Factors such as load and sliding distance were identified to\nbe the most significant parameters on the wear rate using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Background: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an established marker that associated with cardiovascular risk, even if it is below diagnostic threshold for diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it is still controversial that prediabetic and controlled diabetic level of HbA1c has the association with increased major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).\nMethods: This observational study included total of 9219 patients who underwent PCI for coronary artery disease were enrolled in COACT (Catholic University of Korea: percutaneous coronary intervention) registry from 8 centers in Korea. 1647 non DM patients were divided according to tertile of HbA1c (group I, II, III) and 684 controlled DM patients ( HbA1c < 7.0%, group IV) are compared with other groupsin MACE; composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and target lesion revascularization (TLR).\nResults: During 22 months median follow-up, there were significant differences in MACE (group I : II : III : IV; 7.8% : 9.7% : 10.6% : 11.7%, p=0.037) and cardiac death (2.2% : 2.2% : 3.5% : 4.7%,p=0.021) in overall patients. In subanalysis, there were no significant differences in MACE (p=0.367), between group III and IV by unadjusted Cox regression analysis.\nConclusion: We suggest that HbA1c is strongly associated with long-term adverse cardiac events treated with PCI in prediabetes patients. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the risk of adverse cardiac event rate between unconscious DM group and known diabetes group in good control when they were categorized by HbA1c.

Introduction Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and leading to increased healthcare costs. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in ADRs reporting through spontaneous reporting system, but under-reporting is its major limitation. Objective: -The aim is to assess HCPs’s knowledge, attitude and practice towards ADR reporting and factors affect reporting from available study articles. Methods A literature search was done on the databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar to locate studies that assess HCPs knowledge, attitude and practice towards ADR reporting in Ethiopia. A standard procedure of systematic review protocol- PRISMA was used to conduct this review. Extracted information from articles were: demographic factors, sample size, response rate, survey delivery, HCPs working setting, encouraging and discouraging factors of ADR reporting. Results A total of 17 articles included in the systematic review out of 384. The sample size for the included studies ranged from 62 to 708 HCPs. Response rate ranges from 76.1% to 100%. Most of the studies included in this review surveyed under hospital-based HCPs. When compared pharmacists with other HCPs, they were more likely report, to have better knowledge, attitude and practice towards ADR reporting. The common barriers towards ADR reporting recorded in studies were lack of knowledge, unavailability of reporting forms, uncertain that causal association between the drug and ADR, did not report because the ADR was well known. Educational interventions and ongoing training in pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting commonly mentioned factors to enhance reporting.\nConclusion There is urgent need to improve gap in knowledge, attitudes and practice of HCPs towards pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting found in Ethiopia. To improve this, it is recommended to design customized educational interventions based on the existed gaps in ADRs reporting that can be integrated within the health education curriculum or in-service training after graduation.

Most of the population of Asia depends on consuming rice to support their lives. This implies that rice production needs attention. The existence of inefficiencies in lowland rice production could reduce rice yields for consumption, so the measurement of technical efficiency in lowland rice production needed to be studied. This research aimed to analyze the level of technical efficiency in lowland rice cultivation and identify the factors that affected it. The research was done in Palolo and Torue Sub-District Indonesia. The number of samples used was 249 lowland rice farmlands consisting of 106 farmers of organic lowland rice cultivation and 143 farmers of inorganic lowland rice cultivation. The results show that land, fertilizer, seeds, and labor had a positive and significant effect on lowland rice production. The average technical efficiency of lowland rice cultivation was around 78.2%. The results also show that manager education, extension contacts, superior seeds, and organic lowland rice cultivation have a significant effect on the level of technical efficiency in lowland rice production. We concluded that there was an opportunity for farmers to increase lowland rice yields if they could manage production factors in an efficient manner. The government could provide support for farmers, such as formal and informal education, extension, superior seeds, and ready-to-use organic materials.